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List of oldest stars

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The age of the oldest known stars approaches the age of the universe, about 13.8 billion years. Some of these are among the first stars from reionization (the stellar dawn), ending the Dark Ages about 370,000 years after the Big Bang.[1] This list includes stars older than 12 billion years, or about 87% of the age of the universe.

List

[edit]
NameAge
(billions of years)		 Mass (M☉) Temperature (K) Distance (ly)Location Notes
HD 140283 14.2±0.4[2] 0.75[2] 5,787±48[3] 200.5[4] Milky Way halo Agrees with the age of the Universe within one standard deviation.[2]
2MASS J22132050-5137385 13.6±2.6 0.80±0.08 5,509 [5] 6,560+260
−330		 Milky Way [5]
2MASS J18082002−5104378 13.53[6][7] ~0.8 5,440 ± 100[8] 1,950 Milky Way thin disk
SMSS J031300.36−670839.313.4[9] ~0.75 5,125 [10] 6,000 Milky Way halo or Globular clusters
SDSS J0715-7334 12.8 - 13.0[11] 0.78[12] 4,700±100[13] 85129+4892
−5219[11]		 Milky Way halo Born near the Large Magellanic Cloud
TOI-157[14] 12.82+0.73
−1.40		 0.948+0.023
−0.018		 5,629[15] 1,181±9 Milky Way Has one exoplanet
PSR B1620−26 12.7–11.2[16] 1.35[citation needed] 12,400 Globular cluster Messier 4 Host star of one of the oldest exoplanets.
Gliese 414 12.4±5.2[17] 0.65 Primary: 4120±109

Secondary: 3663±70 [17]

 38.7 Milky Way disk Host two exoplanets
BD+44 493[18] 12.1–13.2 0.83+0.09
−0.05		 666.3+3.59
−3.26		 Milky Way disk
HR 5455 12±1[19] 1.32±0.05 6,341±70 [20] 87.7
PicII-503 >10[21] 150,000[citation needed] Pictor II Classified as a second-generation (Population II) star.[21]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ Barkana, Rennan (1 March 2018). "Possible interaction between baryons and dark-matter particles revealed by the first stars". Nature. 555 (7694): 71–74. arXiv:1803.06698. Bibcode:2018Natur.555...71B. doi:10.1038/nature25791. PMID 29493590. S2CID 4391544.
  2. 1 2 3 Lundkvist, M. S.; Larsen, J. R.; Li, Y.; Winther, M. L.; Bedding, T. R.; Kjeldsen, H.; White, T. R.; Nielsen, M. B.; Buldgen, G. (13 October 2025). "Asteroseismic investigation of HD 140283: The Methuselah star". Astronomy and Astrophysics. arXiv:2510.11532.
  3. ↑ Karovicova, I.; White, T.R.; Nordlander, T.; Lind, K.; Casagrande, L.; Ireland, M.J.; Huber, D.; Creevey, O.; Mourard, D.; Schaefer, G.H.; Gilmore, G.; Chiavassa, A.; Wittkowski, M.; Jofré, P.; Heiter, U.; Thévenin, F.; Asplund, M. (2018). "Accurate effective temperatures of the metal-poor benchmark stars HD 140283, HD 122563, and HD 103095 from CHARA interferometry". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 475 (1): L81. arXiv:1801.03274. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.475L..81K. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/sly010.
  4. ↑ Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  5. 1 2 Roederer, Ian U.; Beers, Timothy C.; Hattori, Kohei; Placco, Vinicius M.; Hansen, Terese T.; Ezzeddine, Rana; Frebel, Anna; Holmbeck, Erika M.; Sakari, Charli M. (1 August 2024). "The R-Process Alliance: 2MASS J22132050–5137385, the Star with the Highest-known r-process Enhancement at [Eu/Fe] = +2.45". The Astrophysical Journal. 971 (2): 158. arXiv:2406.02691. Bibcode:2024ApJ...971..158R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad57bf. ISSN 0004-637X.
  6. ↑ Schlaufman, Kevin C.; Thompson, Ian B.; Casey, Andrew R. (5 November 2018). "An ultra metal-poor star near the hydrogen-burning limit". The Astrophysical Journal. 867 (2): 98. arXiv:1811.00549. Bibcode:2018ApJ...867...98S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aadd97. S2CID 54511945.
  7. ↑ "One of Milky Way's oldest stars discovered". SciNews.com. 6 November 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  8. ↑ Cite error: The named reference melendez was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ↑ Ishigaki, Miho N.; Tominaga, Nozomu; Kobayashi, Chiaki; Nomoto, Ken'ichi (2014). "Faint Population III supernovae as the origin of the most iron-poor stars". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 792 (2): L32. arXiv:1404.4817. Bibcode:2014ApJ...792L..32I. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/792/2/L32. S2CID 119012372.
  10. ↑ Keller, S. C.; Bessell, M. S.; Frebel, A.; Casey, A. R.; Asplund, M.; Jacobson, H. R.; Lind, K.; Norris, J. E.; Yong, D.; Heger, A.; Magic, Z.; Da Costa, G. S.; Schmidt, B. P.; Tisserand, P. (February 2014). "A single low-energy, iron-poor supernova as the source of metals in the star SMSS J031300.36−670839.3". Nature. 506 (7489): 463–466. doi:10.1038/nature12990. ISSN 1476-4687.
  11. 1 2 Ji, Alexander P.; et al. (2026). "A nearly pristine star from the Large Magellanic Cloud". Nature Astronomy. 10 (6): 842–857. arXiv:2509.21643. Bibcode:2026NatAs..10..842J. doi:10.1038/s41550-026-02816-7.
  12. ↑ Limberg, Guilherme; Placco, Vinicius M.; Ji, Alexander P.; Yao, Yupeng; Chiti, Anirudh; Mardini, Mohammad K.; Frebel, Anna; Rossi, Silvia (2025). "Discovery of an [Fe/H] ∼ −4.8 Star in Gaia XP Spectra". The Astrophysical Journal. 989 (1): L18. arXiv:2508.00067. Bibcode:2025ApJ...989L..18L. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adf196.
  13. ↑ Cite error: The named reference Alexander20262 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ↑ Nielsen, L. D.; Brahm, R.; Bouchy, F.; Espinoza, N.; Turner, O.; Rappaport, S.; Pearce, L.; Ricker, G.; Vanderspek, R.; Latham, D. W.; Seager, S.; Winn, J. N.; Jenkins, J. M.; Acton, J. S.; Bakos, G. (July 2020). "Three short-period Jupiters from TESS: HIP 65Ab, TOI-157b, and TOI-169b". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 639: A76. arXiv:2003.05932. Bibcode:2020A&A...639A..76N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037941. ISSN 0004-6361.
  15. ↑ Cite error: The named reference GAIA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ↑ Lacki, Brian C.; Brzycki, Bryan; Croft, Steve; Czech, Daniel; DeBoer, David; DeMarines, Julia; Gajjar, Vishal; Isaacson, Howard; Lebofsky, Matt; MacMahon, David H. E.; Price, Danny C.; Sheikh, Sofia Z.; Siemion, Andrew P. V.; Drew, Jamie; Worden, S. Pete (1 December 2021). "One of Everything: The Breakthrough Listen Exotica Catalog". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 257 (2): 42. arXiv:2006.11304. Bibcode:2021ApJS..257...42L. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac168a. ISSN 0067-0049.
  17. 1 2 Dedrick, Cayla M.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Knutson, Heather A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Cargile, Phillip A.; Gaudi, B. Scott; Hirsch, Lea A.; Kuhn, Rudolf B.; Lund, Michael B.; James, David J.; Kosiarek, Molly R.; Pepper, Joshua; Petigura, Erik A.; Rodriguez, Joseph E. (1 February 2021). "Two Planets Straddling the Habitable Zone of the Nearby K Dwarf Gl 414A". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (2): 86. arXiv:2009.06503. Bibcode:2021AJ....161...86D. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd0ef. ISSN 0004-6256.
  18. ↑ Placco, Vinicius M.; Gupta, Arvind F.; Almeida-Fernandes, Felipe; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Rajagopal, Jayadev; Holmbeck, Erika M.; Roederer, Ian U.; John Della Costa; Fernandez, Pipa; Golub, Eli; Higuera, Jesus; Patel, Yatrik; Ridgway, Susan; Schweiker, Heidi (2024). "BD+44 493: Chemo-Dynamical Analysis and Constraints on Companion Planetary Masses from WIYN/NEID Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal. 977 (1): 12. arXiv:2410.08943. Bibcode:2024ApJ...977...12P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad8646.
  19. ↑ Fuhrmann, Klaus; Chini, Rolf (21 October 2017). "On the ancient field blue straggler HR 5455". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (2): 1888–1891. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1784. ISSN 0035-8711.
  20. ↑ Fuhrmann, Klaus; Chini, Rolf (3 October 2018). "On ancient solar-type stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2660. ISSN 0035-8711.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  21. 1 2 Chiti, Anirudh; et al. "A second-generation star in a relic dwarf galaxy". Astrophysics of Galaxies. arXiv:2508.04053.
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